The complete mitochondrial genome of Ceresium sinicum ornaticolle Pic, 1907 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Abstract Ceresium sinicum ornaticolle Pic, 1907 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the main pests of pomegranate and citrus trees. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of C. sinicum ornaticolle. The total length of the mitochondrial genome was 15,817 bp, and the entire content of GC was 27.8%. The genome encoded 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs). The phylogenetic tree showed that C. sinicum ornaticolle was clustered with Allotraeus orientalis and Zoodes fulguratus. These results will provide the genetic information for understanding the genetic evolution of C. sinicum ornaticolle and the insights to control cerambycid pests.


Introduction
Ceresium sinicum ornaticolle belongs to the subfamily Cerambycinae, a vast family of more than 25,000 species (Sama et al. 2010).The species' body ranges from brown to dark brown, with a darker color on the head and chest that is almost entirely black.The central part of the pronotum has sparse villi, with dense villi on both sides leading to the formation of stripes.There is no significant difference in individual morphology between male and female individuals.Females produce larvae, thus causing more significant harm than males (Yiu 2009).C. sinicum ornaticolle is the trunkboring pest of Punica granatum and Citrus Sinensis, as well as damage the xylem of Cinnamomum camphora, Citrus spp., and Melia azedarach in southern China (Lin et al. 2021).However, the information on the taxonomy and mitochondrial genome of the species is still unclear.In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of C. sinicum ornaticolle.These results will be essential in supporting research on the future genetic evolution of C. sinicum ornaticolle through genetic information.

Materials and methods
The sample of C. sinicum ornaticolle was collected in Fuzhou, Fujian Province (119 � 23 0 38.18400000000012 00 E, 26 � 3 0 7.6320000000001 00 N) using the sexual trapping method.The voucher specimen (No.TN-202301) was photographed and stored in the Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (contact person: Feiyi Xin; email: xin-feiyi2004@126.com)(Figure 1).We saved the remaining DNA in the above laboratory using an individual identifier (DNA-GS-202304).
In this study, the Tissue Sample Genomic DNA Extraction Kit RC1003 (Concertbio, Xiamen, China) was used to extract genomic DNA from the legs of the adult individual.The purity and concentration of the DNA were determined using NanoDrop 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).During library preparation, Illumina Hiseq 2500 (Illumina, San Diego, CA) was used for 2 � 150 bp paired-end sequencing (Yin et al. 2016).After filtering, 777,030 clean reads were obtained from 43,195,920 raw reads.Assembly was performed using MitoZ and metaSPAdes (Nurk et al. 2017).Subsequently, sequence annotation was conducted using the Mitos webserver (Bernt et al. 2013).To improve the annotations significantly, we used the Omosita colon (Nitidulidae, GenBank accession number: NC050852), which is more closely related to correction.Geneious Prime (v 2023.2) was used to visualize the mitochondrial genome map.
Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs and two rRNAs from 12 Cerambycidae species and one outgroup from Chrysomelidae.The sequence of each PCG and rRNA were aligned individually by using MUSCLE (Edgar 2022) and concatenated into a dataset.IQ-tree was used to infer phylogenetic trees using the maximum-likelihood method and estimated the optimal nucleotide substitution models (Minh et al. 2020).
Moreover, the phylogenetic tree showed that the C. sinicum ornaticolle forms a single group with the other 11 species in the family Cerambycidae and was closely related to the Allotraeus orientalis and Zoodes fulguratus (Figure 3).

Discussion and conclusions
In this study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of C. sinicum ornaticolle and analyzed the overall structural characteristics.These results can serve as the basis for future research on C. sinicum ornaticolle and related species.The phylogenetic analysis will provide essential information for understanding the evolution of the mitochondrial genome in this species, and the mitochondrial genomic data of C. sinicum ornaticolle is crucial for taxonomy.It will facilitate the development of control methods for cerambycid pests, increasing yield in fruit trees and timber production.

Ethical approval
This research does not involve ethical research.Insects are invertebrates, and there are no ethics involved in using them in experiments.The specimens were collected following the guidelines provided by the authors' institution (Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University) and the nation.

Author's contribution
FY Xin and YH Tong designed this study.FY Xin identified the sample and wrote the paper.FY Xin, YQ Sun, and YY Zhou did the data analyses.WL Jiao, ZM Zhang and YH Tong kept the samples of this study, provided valuable revisions to the manuscript, took and processed figure of the specimens, and were responsible for the information in this manuscript.
CONTACT Yinghua Tong fjtongyh@126.comCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2024.2361682.